The Short Messaging Service standard †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Short Messaging Service standard. Answer: SMS Service After the send SMS button is pressed from Malaysia by the sender, in the background there goes a lot of tasks, for the recipient who is sitting in London to get the SMS. This is the Application layer of the OSI model. When the button is pressed the SMS is sent to the store and forward mechanism, also known as the data link layer. The Short Messaging Service standard describes what type of data is directed in a text message, the number of bits in a binary code are made up using each letter, and how these data are organized with the purpose of how the sending and receiving devices interconnect with each other (Chutijirawong and Kanawattanachai 2014). These types of details are described by Protocol Description Unit or the PDU, strings of the hexadecimal-octets and semi decimal-octets. Hexadecimal being values in base 16, with 09 to represent values zero to nine, and A,B,C,D,E andF to represent values ten to fifteen. The text SMS from the sending mobile gets stored in the central SMC, w hich is later forwarded to the desired destination that is London for this case. The SMS service uses a separate channel, then the channels that are normally used for the calling service so that there is no loss of the data or disturbance in the calling interface. This control channel is generally used to the track down the network that is currently registered and where the SMS is to be sent. The main reason for storing the SMS is that there can be made a number of attempts to deliver the SMS. This is to be done in the network the task of the network layer. If the receivers device is switched off or if the device is out of range, the SMS will be stored in the SMC system and will be delivered when the receiver becomes accessible again this task is done in the transport layer. In order to send the SMS, the SMC needs to know the location(London) where the SMS is to be sent. Once the SMC knows the location that is London where the SMS is needed to be sent, it changes the switching connections over to the correct mobile network station. The SMS is lastly transported to the corresponding BSS or the Base Station System. The Base Station System comprises of the transceivers which are used to send and receive messages over the air This is the task of the session layer. This data is forwarded over the signaling channels, in order to that the mobile can receive the SMS even if there is an ongoing voice call is going on (Acker 2014). The Base Station System is the final stratagem that transmits the text message to the correct mobile device. In case of the 4g networks this process is bit faster because of the Internet connections that are available, and hence by this process, the receiver who is sitting at London receives an SMS from the location sent. Although the process seems to be a large one but takes very small amount of time. Difference between the cost speed and sound quality. The mobile application does provide a better calling and messaging facility rather the inbuild mobile functions, this is because that the application uses the technology of the 4g. Volte. The advantage of this system over the 2gGSM technology is that the application usage of the voice over LTE, that is voice is sent through the internet instead of the traditional radio networks. This in term so of the calls is better because of the usage of the 15MHz bandwidth and operating under the following frequency ranges: Tower Tx: 1805-1820MHz and Tower Rx: 1710-1725MHz and hence providing a greater scope of the network. A standard call from Malaysia to London calls charges approximately 0.77 Ringgit per minute. The use of the voice over LTE also has better sound quality and it supports the video calling, which was not supported in the previous 2g technology. Although the cost of the 2g was much lower than this technology the cost of implementing this system is considerably higher. Speaking of the messaging service the messaging service in the application is much more effective and efficient. Speaking of the cost, a standard SMS cost approximately 1.94 Ringgit from Malaysia to London, whereas by using the messaging application the cost is considerably zero if the uses have the internet connections (Baby and Antony 2017). One of the other benefits is the factor that a standard supported only a 160 character of text, while in this application there is no limit for the number of the characters to be input. One of the major disadvantage of the 2g technology is the factor that there is low frequency of the networks and hence there are background noises and other calling issue. Also, the 2g generation technology is not that much advanced and is not supported by most of the smartphone in the modern generation. One of the other benefit of the 2g is that the lower power emissions have helped in dealing with health concerns Also the battery consumption of the 2g technology is much lower Thant he modern 4g technology (Mohapatra, Swain and Das 2015). The SMS encryptions systems of the 2g technology was much higher at the time of the launch, but now the technology has become old and there are much advanced encryption systems in the market. The cost of the call in the 2g was much lower that of the 1g, and hence bought a wave of revolution in the mobile phone technology. It can be said that although the 2g spectrum had many of the advantages like the low cost, encryption also had many disadvantages like the noise on call and low network range. The modern 4g technology has many of the advantages over the 2g technology like higher coverage of the network, better digital voice over the internet and other such features, although the cost of the of the technology is much higher than that of the 2g but is much more useful. The messaging service uses this technology and is hence a better option than the inbuilt mobile applications. References Acker, A., 2014. The short message service: Standards, infrastructure and innovation.Telematics and informatics,31(4), pp.559-568. Baby, F. and Antony, P.R., 2017, June. Development of TI console framework for test automation of radio network controller. InIntelligent Computing and Control Systems (ICICCS), 2017 International Conference on(pp. 579-582). IEEE. Chutijirawong, N. and Kanawattanachai, P., 2014. The role and impact of contextdriven personalisation technology on customer acceptance of advertising via short message service (SMS). International Journal of Mobile Communications, 12(6), pp.578-602. Mohapatra, S.K., Swain, B.R. and Das, P., 2015. Comprehensive survey of possible security issues on 4G networks.International Journal of Network Security Its Applications,7(2), p.61.