Monday, December 30, 2019

Picking Ideal Participants For My Research Paper - 1353 Words

In picking ideal participants for my research paper of permanency planning my thoughts were who the appropriate age is therefore it will be legal. Another idea was who would bring great experience to this topic. The reason I say that is because not enough people who are in the foster care system whether it be a foster parent do not understand how the process works. Foster parents are being shuffle back and forth to the agency or courts with only information that is giving by the case planner. Sometimes case planners do not provide proper knowledge to foster parents. My Ideal participants are (A) Interviewees who are 18-26 of age. I want to know their experience of foster care system and age out process. (B) Non-kinship foster parent and Kinship foster parent. There are some foster parents that have been caring for children over 10 plus years. By interviewing them they can give me an historical perspective on how they enter in the system as well as why they continue to be foster paren ts. (C) Case planners who work for the foster care agency. Part two of my research will be and observation conducting in foster parent training [Foster parent annual reauthorization Training/Behavior management and working with adolescents] (November 14, 2015). Ethical In all interviews I will be introducing the interviewees on my pitch to not sway their opinion in answering the questions. Asking if the individual would like to participate and if they deny, I will thank them for hearing myShow MoreRelatedThe Article By Letting Clare1430 Words   |  6 Pagessubjects in her research tell her first hand account of her daily routine as a sustainable farmer in Central Pennsylvania, and the challenges she faces in a male dominated work space. Clare says â€Å"I get up early, eat breakfast and start picking blueberries for market at six o’clock. After picking for a couple of hours, I wash, sort and package blueberries to sell at the farmer’s market in town. After selling all day, I might work a few hours at my off-farm job since I am there. On my way home, I stopRead More Naturalistic Observation Report Essays1698 Words   |  7 Pages Naturalistic observation is a way of observing applicants in their own natural environment without the contestants realizing the observers are present. My observation took me to different places and settings to complete my assignment where I observed the subjects’ reactions and further relate it with concepts of psychology. This assignment is going to look into the observation at different settings by watching people as they go about their normal activities in their own habitats, and will brieflyRead MoreNegative Effects Of Child Labor In Ghana1583 Words   |  7 Pagescountries, especially in developing countries. This paper will focus on analyzing the situation in Ghana, Pakistan, and Jordan. I will argue that child labor should be banned in all nations because it has a negative impact on children’s lives, especially on their education, as well as physical and mental health. Child Labor in Ghana. According to The Guardian, â€Å"Child labour is a major problem in Ghana, affecting more than one-fifth of young people† (â€Å"My Kids Hate Me†¦I Sold them†). The figure can be muchRead MoreProject Report on Security Analysis15431 Words   |  62 PagesKARVY STOCK BROKING LIMITED A Project Report on SECURITY ANALYSIS (STOCK-PICKING STRATEGIES) Submitted To [pic] Punjab Technical University Jalandhar In Partial Fulfillment of the requirement of the award of, Masters of Business Administration. MBA SESSION: 2010-12 Project Guide:- Submitted By:- Mr. SUNIL PANDEY GAGAN DEEP VERMA Regional Head of Roll No. 105042249858 Karvy StockRead MoreThe Influence of Media on Body Image, Thematic Analysis3507 Words   |  15 Pagesmany different ways. Although some aspects of media are important to bring to our attention, some other aspects, however, create an incredible amount of negative impact one of these which is body image. In order to identify this issue a qualitative research by using five different magazine articles, which included the Heat, Now, Star Reveal; major and minor themes relating to the media and body image were identified. Thematic analysis was used to analyses the data. Introduction: InterpretationRead MoreFemale Dependence On Men For Financial Resources2095 Words   |  9 Pageslabor and financial markets, and therefore they may develop at different levels of financial knowledge and different financial strategies in adulthood over time† (OECD, p.81). For the purposes of this paper, women will be compared to their male counter parts financial literacy level and research what nuances make financial literacy a possibility. â€Å"Women tend to live longer than men, have shorter work tenures, lower earnings and levels of pension or survivors’ benefits. These factors put women atRead MoreBehavior Transformation Assessments and Their Influence5976 Words   |  24 Pagessuitable start of the subsequent stage (Catania et al, 1990). The labelling means the acknowledgement of the issue; the persistence to the phase of planning to take care of the issue; as well as, the enactment towards the action applied. Within this paper we are going to primarily emphasize the way the various behaviour transformation assessments will influence a person as he decides to maintain a medium-sized business. The document is going to be split across 3 parts: the first would be the essentialRead MoreInternational Business Management Research Paper14582 Words   |  59 Pagesa Global Economy A Research Project Report on the Relevance of Fixed Exchange Rate Systems A case of World Vision Kenya Student’s Name: Hesbone Nzambuli Kang’e Registration Number: CAM/2006/PGD/KEN/00143 Purpose: Fulfilment of the Requirements of the Postgraduate Diploma in Management Presented to: Cambridge Association of Manger, International Examinations, UK August 2007 DECLARATION I declare that this project is my original work and has notRead MoreLenovo and Ibm23938 Words   |  96 Pagesundertaken to manage employees from both teams after the MA. It adopts a semi-structure face-to-face interview research method, which 5 participants were selected from the culture integration committee for interview. During the interview, each participant answered the questions from their perspective of the job position they are currently in. The method would enhance the quality of the research as it looks into the problems and strategy that Lenovo has encountered and undertaken from various points ofRead MoreStudy of Seasonality in the Indian Stock Market21577 Words   |  87 Pages110007 CERTIFICATE This is to certify that this project report titled â€Å"Testing Seasonality in the Indian Stock Market†, submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Business Administration, is based on my original research work under the guidance of Dr. S.K. Tuteja. The report has not been submitted elsewhere for any other purpose. All references used have been duly acknowledged. ****************************** *************************** Dr. S.K

Sunday, December 22, 2019

Practice Safe Text Essay - 1254 Words

As a result of millions of injuries and deaths among the people of our country, cell phone use, and more specifically texting while driving, has become a big issue. Since texting and driving is a big issue, there are active and upcoming ways to stop it. Throughout the recent years, there have been hundreds of campaigns as well as ads on television, and in magazines to convince people to stop the use of cell phones while driving. Technology in cars is also being built to address the issue of texting and driving behind the wheel. There needs to be steps taken to address the rising number of cell phone related accidents, and if these don’t adequately help the situation, then there needs to be law enforcement set up to keep people off of†¦show more content†¦The majority of people who text and drive are not aware of the consequences that follow their actions. States and counties throughout the US are enforcing â€Å"distracted driving† laws that ban texting while driving. Careless and reckless driving can lead to driving charges, giving every driver a reason to stay off their phones. 5 potential consequences of texting while driving behind the wheel are tickets, getting points on driver’s license, insurance penalties, criminal charges, and the feeling of guilt. Are people willing to give up their freedom, finances, and desolate their own conscience? Throughout the recent years, there have been hundreds of campaigns as well as ads on television, and in magazines to convince people to stop the use of cell phones while driving. For example, ATT is most well-known for their advertisements against texting and driving. Since texting and driving is a big issue, there are active and upcoming ways to stop it. A very popular campaign advertised by celebrities is the â€Å"It Can Wait† pledge. This campaigns motto simply is† No text is worth the risk, it can wait.† Many commercials show Public Service Announcements, about celebrities showing the risk of texting while driving and even some of their own personal experiences with the issue. In addition, technology in cars is also being built to address the issue of texting andShow MoreRelatedEvidence Based Practice On Breast Cancer Prevention1685 Words   |  7 PagesEvidence-based practice according to Stevens (2013) began when nursing recognized a gap between what we know and what we do regarding the care of patients. Grove, Gray, Burns (2015) noted that the goal of evidence-based practice was to include the patient and family taking an active role in their health as well as nursing to provide the best possible quality care in a safe fashion with cost effectiveness. Evidence-based practice nursing was utilized in a study by Kratzke, Wilson, Vilchis, (2013)Read MoreLesson Plan: Present Perfect and Past Simple Using for969 Words   |  4 Pages | | Main Aims: Language Point - tenses present perfect and past simple using ‘for’. The main aim of the lesson is to: Teach the use of for in two tenses: present perfect and past simple, in the context of short text about the teacher’s life. So that by the end of the lesson, the learners can†¦.. Understand and use the present perfect and past simple with ‘for’ in their written and spoken form. Subsidiary aims: Reading, writing, developing fluencyRead MoreSimilarities Between Christianity And Christianity891 Words   |  4 PagesThis would lead to cause contention and religions confusion for thousands of years Judaism and Christianity are both monotheistic religions that have similar core values and principles; however despite these similarities there are differences in practice and traditions that have caused ethnic and religious conflicts that often overshadows their connection. Historical events such as the expulsion of Jews due to religious persecution in European countries like England, France, and Spain in the 16thRead Morehealth and safety Essay1644 Words   |  7 Pagesactivities will allow you to demonstrate your knowledge of health and safety policies and procedures in your workplace. As a health and social care worker, it is important that you are competent in assessing risks and hazards and implementing good practice on health and safety. KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING These activities assess your knowledge of health and safety. There are different items of legislation that you must know about as well as the policies of your own workplace. Task 1 ThisRead MoreSocial Media Has Painted My Worldview1198 Words   |  5 Pagesreceiving my first cell phone in the sixth grade, my mother has always been on my speed-dial and is one of the contacts with whom I am always in constant communication. After dramatically increasing the amount of information I sent to my mother through text messaging, I gained a greater understanding of the amount that oversharing has become naturalized in modern society. Through an emic analysis, I was able to understand the culture of oversharing by actively participating in this culture. An emic analysisRead MoreTexting And Driving Is A Good Thing Essay1248 Words   |  5 Pagespeople can do on the road now a days. It is a tragic practice in the United States that needs to be stopped. It’s taking many lives of peoples family and friends around the United States today. This phenomenon of texting and driving exists and it isn t a good thing. Although many people would agree that texting and driving isn t a safe act many still do it. Most people feel discluded from the texting while driving danger and believe that they are safe drivers while texting. In a survey done by NationalRead MoreRodeo715 Words   |  3 Pagesfollowing five questions and answers pertain to the reading from Chapters 20, 21 and 22 for week 7 assignment. | OSHA, Workers Compensation and Employee Benefits 1. Who is responsible for establishing OSHA standards? As referenced in the text (Moran 2011), â€Å"In establishing standards, the Secretary of Labor must set forth standards to prevent employees from suffering substantial harm to their health even if the employee worked at this job for most of his or her adult life. The SecretaryRead MoreAutomated Medication Dispensers In The Home 1458 Words   |  6 Pagesdiversion and non-adherence among high-risk patients in the community setting. Comparison The current standard of practice for individuals who are at risk for non adherence to medications is to limit medication supplies, utilization of a weekly medication organizer and a lock box to hold the remaining medications for patients safety. The comparison between this current state of practice and the implementation of the automated medication dispenser will be evaluated. Outcomes The successful implementationRead MoreAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Therapeutic Alliance1276 Words   |  6 PagesIn this paper I will be researching the complexity of therapeutic alliance and its impact of advantages and disadvantages. I will be applying academic theories in order to fully understand and provide evidence for the conclusions made based on the texts. This paper will also focus on the online therapeutic alliance and one’s mental health and society’s expectations. The first part of this paper seeks to examine the advantages and disadvantages of therapeutic alliance and its representation on mediaRead MoreNotes Processing Practices And Systems1152 Words   |  5 Pages Part:1 Table of Contents 1.1 Identify, analyse and research text processing practices and systems. 1 a) The current process for work allocation 1 b) The current quality of output – including measures of quality 1 c) The current standard of service 1 d) The current system problems 1 e) Any current production problems 1 f) Explain how well Fast Tax Accounting Ltd complies with the following legislation. 2 I. Health and Safety in Employment Act 1992 2 II. Human Rights Act 1993

Saturday, December 14, 2019

All the World’s a Stage, the Dramaturgy Free Essays

All The World’s a stage â€Å"All the world’s a stage, And all the men and women merely players. They have their exits and their entrances; And one man in his time plays many parts† Shakespeare. Although Shakespeare wasn’t a sociologist, I think this quote profoundly sounds like Ervine Goffman’s ideas of dramaturgy and impression management. We will write a custom essay sample on All the World’s a Stage, the Dramaturgy or any similar topic only for you Order Now I agree with both Shakespeare and Ervine. We all have a part to play in this world and we do play it. To me Ervine Goffman’s ideas about self and dramaturgy are the most applicable social ideas in my own life. He believed we do something called impression management. I have actually noticed myself using impression management every day. I have also noticed that in sociology we really need to understand face to face interactions of individuals to understand a society as a whole. He also believed in a concept called symbolic interactionism. He believed that social interactions are what make someone who they are. I believe that to understand his ideas better it is imperative that you know a little about him. Goffman was born June 11, 1922(Blackwood, 2011) to a Jewish Ukrainian couple in Canada. Initially, he received his bachelors in sociology at the University of Toronto. Then he went to the University of Chicago to achieve his masters and doctorate. Chicago was the center for many micro-sociologists and symbolic interationists like Goffman. His ideas must have made him fit right in with all the other sociologists studying at University of Chicago. He also studied a year in Shetland and wrote a book called The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life. This is where he refers to the theory of us always being onstage. He then went to Berkley to teach about Sociology and Anthropology (which he also studied). Goffman also went onto to write about his ideas of total institution (the sociology term for somewhere completely blocked off from normal society). He wrote many books over his life time and he remained a very important man in the sociology world. He ended his writing career going back to address more evidence that we are all performers, he ended on the same note he started on. He passed on November 19th, 1982. ((Blackwood, 2011) Micro-Sociology is the study of a small group of people to understand how society works as a whole. Ervine Goffman advocated this idea and used face-to-face interactions as a basis to understand sociology. I believe that this is a very true idea because without individuals there is no society. I also believe that how we act as individuals is what makes a society how it is. For example as individuals we actually enjoy conflict when the conflicts involves others. In high school I remember that everyone always wanted to stop in the hallway to watch people fight. On a larger scale society watches reality Television shows like â€Å"Bad girls Club† just to see these conflicts. Everything we do individually affects us as a society. Another thing that Goffman believed in was how society is what makes us who we are, this is called social interactionism. Yes we make up society but in turn society molds us to who we are as well. For example a child is born completely without morals and values. These things are taught to the child by family and ultimately society. The child is taught killing is deviant and unacceptable. It is also taught that being overweight is a concrete stigma for females of society. Therefore if the child is a girl they will constantly want to be skinny, even at a young age. My Humanities professor was talking about how his 8 year old daughter was called fat the other day in school. Now the young girl will not eat very much. This not something we are born with, these are learned values that society teaches. I have my own personal experience with social interactionism. My whole life society has shaped me to be who I am. It’s almost like a very subtle, yet powerful, form of peer pressure. For example I think that if it weren’t for the fact that society teaches that you should treat strangers with absolute respect I think I would have had a lot more conflicts with them. Society teaches us to not get as angry with strangers as we do with our own friends and family members. Another thing Goffman believed was an idea called dramaturgy. Dramaturgy is the idea that we all act around people as if we were actors on a stage. He believed that the only time we acted as our true selves was when we are backstage and no one else is around to see us. I believe this is true of everyone in society. Of course there are those who have to act because it’s their job. Politicians, lawyers, servers, parents these people have to put up a facade so that others reactions server their purpose. Not all of this acting is used for selfish purposes though. For example a parent doesn’t want their child to be scared so in a crisis they might smile and tell them everything is going to be all right, even if they know it’s not going to be alright. The final point I agreed with Goffman on was an idea called impression management. Impression management is similar to dramaturgy however it is how we are all the time. I use impression management every day. For example I am a server and I have to come off a certain way for my guests to like me or I won’t make any money. I have to smile even when I’m stressed and I have to use a completely different voice when addressing my guest than I would use with anyone else. I also have to pretend I like things on the menu I have not even tried. In conclusion, I agree with Goffman’s theories on dramaturgy, impression management, micro-sociology, and symbolic interactionism. I concur with the fact that society shapes you to be who you are, it has definitely made me who I am. I also think that looking at how individuals interact with each other is imperative in finding out how society works. You cannot understand the big picture without first looking at the small details. Impression management is a very important part of my life because it’s how I make a living. Finally dramaturgy is something we all do every day. We are actors on the stage of Society Citations 1. Blackwood, B. D. (2011, July 06). Blackwood. org. Retrieved from http://www. blackwood. org/Erving. htm 2. Travers, A. (1997). Reviewing sociology. Retrieved from http://www. reading. ac. uk/RevSoc/archive/volume10/number1/10-1e. htm How to cite All the World’s a Stage, the Dramaturgy, Essay examples

Friday, December 6, 2019

Keeping Promises free essay sample

There has to be a certain belief that this person youre making a promise with will keep it, that this person will respect you enough and your wishes to promise to something. Promises range from keeping a secret to promising someone you will be there for them to promising to take care of their dog will their away and so many more ways. Most people will commit to promising something but never really think about what It means to actually promise something. And many people dont keep the promise they make.But I do keep every promise I cake because I believe in promises and what they mean to the person I make It with and what It means to me. Because I have experienced the damage of not keeping a promise and Its not a thing I ever want to experience again. When I was 5 years old I was In preschool. We will write a custom essay sample on Keeping Promises or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page My best friend In preschool was a little girl named Zoe. She was a small petit Aslant girl who always wore a dress and leggings. But then again I wore the same pants every day as well. We were inseparable, always playing together, always napping together just two peas in a pod.One day she had an accident. She peed in her pants, she came to me and told me that she peed in her pants and begged me to promise not to tell anyone. I remember this say so well, I remember she was wearing a red t-shirt dress and black leggings with plaid rain boots and her hair was pulled back into a ponytail, I was wearing a pink tank top with my favorite pants which were Jennings and some light up tennis shoes and my really cool at the time choker necklace. So promised not fully understanding the trust she put in me. And I completely ignored it. I told my other good friend who told their good friend and then who told their good friend and soon everyone knew. Zoe knew I was the one that told everyone because I was the only one she told. She was crying of completely humility. I felt so bad I even started crying. She eventually forgave me and from there on I have kept every single one of the promises I make, I dont promise them if I dont think for even a second that I cant keep them. I would never want someone to break a promise that I made them agree to because I eave seen what the damage can be.I have seen betrayal happen to people around me and to myself as well and its not a good feeling. Promises are trust and thats why I believe In promises so much because they are based on trust. Keeping Promises By Joyful something but never really think about what it means to actually promise something. And many people dont keep the promise they make. But I do keep every promise I make because I believe in promises and what they mean to the person I make it with and what it means to me.Because I have experienced the damage of not keeping a promise and its not a thing I ever want to experience again. When I was 5 years old I was in preschool. My best friend in preschool was a little girl named Zoe. She was a small petit Asian girl who always wore a dress and inseparable, always playing together, always napping together Just two peas in a pod. I make, I dont promise them if I dont think for even a second that I cant keep them. I I believe in promises so much because they are based on trust.

Monday, November 25, 2019

Definition and Examples of Progymnasmata in Rhetoric

Definition and Examples of Progymnasmata in Rhetoric The progymnasmata are  handbooks of preliminary rhetorical exercises that introduce students to basic rhetorical concepts and strategies. Also called the  gymnasma. In classical rhetorical training, the progymnasmata were structured so that the student moved from strict imitation to a more artistic melding of the often disparate concerns of speaker, subject, and audience (Encyclopedia of Rhetoric and Composition, 1996). EtymologyFrom the Greek, before exercises The Exercises This list of 14 exercises is drawn from the progymnasmata handbook written by Aphthonius of Antioch, a fourth-century rhetorician. fablenarrativeanecdote (chreia)proverb (maxim)refutationconfirmationcommonplaceencomiuminvectivecomparison (syncrisis)characterization (impersonation or ethopoeia)description (ekphrasis)thesis (theme)defend/attack a law (deliberation) Observations The Enduring Value of the ProgymnasmataThe handbooks of progymnasmata may . . . interest modern teachers of composition, for they present a sequence of assignments in reading, writing, and speaking which gradually increase in difficulty and in maturity of thought from simple story-telling to argumentation, combined with study of literary models. As such, the exercises were certainly effective in providing students for centuries with verbal skills that many students in our time seem less often to develop. Because the exercises were so completely structured, furnishing the student with lists of things to say on many subjects, they are open to the criticism that they tended to indoctrinate students in traditional values and inhibit individual creativity. Only Theon, among writers on progymnasmata, suggests that students might be asked to write about their own experiences- something that did not again become a subject of elementary composition until the romantic period. Nevertheless, it would be unfair to characterize the traditional exercises as inhibiting all criticism of traditional values. Indeed, a major feature of the exercises was stress on learning refutation or rebuttal: how to take a traditional tale, narrative, or thesis and argue against it. If anything, the exercises may have tended to encourage the idea that there was an equal amount to be said on two sides of any issue, a skill practiced at a later stage of education in dialectical debate.(George A. Kennedy, Progymnasmata: Greek Textbooks of Prose Composition and Rhetoric. Brill, 2003) Sequenced ExercisesThe progymnasmata remained popular for so long because they are carefully sequenced: they begin with simple paraphrases . . . and end with sophisticated exercises in deliberative and forensic [also known as judicial] rhetoric. Each successive exercise uses a skill practiced in the preceding one, but each adds some new and more difficult composing task. Ancient teachers were fond of comparing the graded difficulty of the progymnasmata to the exercise used by Milo of Croton to gradually increase his strength: Milo lifted a calf each day. Each day the calf grew heavier, and each day his strength grew. He continued to lift the calf until it became a bull.(S. Crowley and D. Hawhee, Ancient Rhetorics for Contemporary Students. Pearson, 2004)The Progymnasmata and the Rhetorical SituationThe progymnasmata progresses from concrete, narrative tasks to abstract, persuasive ones; from addressing the class and teacher to addressing a public audience such as the law court; from developing a single prescribed point of view to examining several and arguing for a self-determined thesis. The elements of a rhetorical situationaudience, speaker, and appropriate languageare included and vary from one exercise to another. Within exercises subordinate topics or topoi are called for, such as exemplification, definition, and comparison. Yet students have freedom to select their subjects, expand them, and assume a role or persona as they see fit.(John Hagaman, Modern Use of the Progymnasmata in Teaching Rhetorical Invention. Rhetoric Review, Fall 1986) Method and ContentThe progymnasmata . . . offered Roman teachers a systematic yet flexible tool for incremental development of student abilities. The young writer/speaker is led step-by-step into increasingly complex compositional tasks, his freedom of expression depending, almost paradoxically, on his ability to follow the form or pattern set by his master. At the same time he absorbs ideas of morality and virtuous public service from the subjects discussed, and from their recommended amplifications on themes of justice, expediency, and the like. By the time he reaches the exercise of Laws, he has long since learned to see both sides of a question. He has also amassed a store of examples, aphorisms, narratives, and historical incidents which he can use later outside the school.(James J. Murphy, Habit in Roman Writing Instruction. A Short History of Writing Instruction: From Ancient Greece to Modern America, ed. by James J. Murphy. Lawrence Erlbaum, 2001)Decline of the Progymnasmata[ W]hen, in the late seventeenth century, training in the three classical genera began to lose relevance and the systematic development of Latin themes through imitation and amplification began to lose favor, the progymnasmata fell into sharp decline. Nonetheless, the training afforded by the progymnasmata has left a strong impression on Western literature and oratory.(Sean Patrick ORourke, Progymnasmata. Encyclopedia of Rhetoric and Composition: Communication From Ancient Times to the Information Age, ed. by Theresa Enos. Taylor Francis, 1996) Pronunciation: pro gim NAHS ma ta

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Human Resources in South Korea Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Human Resources in South Korea - Essay Example (Zimmermann and Sparrow, 2008) To start, operate and close a business is well protected by South Korea's regulatory environment. Starting a business takes an average of 17 days compared to the world's average of 43 days. Obtaining a license will take less than the world's average of 19 procedures and 234 days. Closing a business is also easy. (Hesketh and Fleetwood, 2006) The investment climate is increasingly open. The government offers incentives such as cash grants and zero-corporate tax zones; has a one-stop-shop for foreign investments; and assigns an official to facilitate each project. Residents and non-residents may have foreign exchange rate accounts. (Hesketh and Fleetwood, 2006) Trade, fiscal and labour freedoms are relatively weak. Monetary score is hurt by government subsidies of several sectors. Non-tariff barriers are very common. The labour market remains rigid despite the government's effort to enhance market flexibility in recent years. There are burdensome employment regulations that hinder employment opportunities and productivity growth. The non-salary cost of employing a worker is low, but dismissing a redundant employee is costly. The high cost of laying off a worker creates a risk aversion for companies that would otherwise hire more people and grow. Regulations related to the number of work hours are not flexible. (Zimmermann and Sparrow, 2008) The... For outsiders language barriers and tight social or business circles make the Korean labour market difficult to enter. Business relationships have traditionally been built upon personal ties and valuable introductions. The South Korea labour laws are mentioned below: Foreign workers: pursuant to the immigration control act, professional or skilled foreigners can be employed in Korea after being issued with visas; in other particular occupations which include the hospitality and hotel industry (E-7) visa is issued. (Hesketh and Fleetwood, 2006) General procedures: the parties concerned sign an employment contract. A related minister makes a recommendation. The minister of Justice issues a visa issuance certificate. (Hesketh and Fleetwood, 2006) Working standards and welfare: the labour standards act, which stipulates minimum working standards for workers, covers all employees. However, some provisions (relating to employment contracts, restrictions on dismissal, working hours, leave, etc.) are not applied to work places with four workers or less given economic conditions and administrative capacity. (Hesketh and Fleetwood, 2006) Restrictions on dismissal: employers cannot dismiss employees without justifiable causes. If dismissed without justifiable causes, an employee can apply for redress to a labour relations commission. Employers may be subject to punishment for unjustifiable dismissal. If an employer is to dismiss a worker, he or she should meet strict conditions and procedures. First, the employer should have urgent managerial reasons, make every effort to avoid such dismissals, select those to be dismissed by rational and fair standards and sincerely consult with the trade union or workers' representatives in advance. Even when an

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Audience essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Audience - Essay Example The total number of the audience is more than 600 which means that there is high level of diversity in the Bundestag. It contains men, women, people from different socioeconomic backgrounds as well as individuals who have varied religious or moralistic leanings. However, it is clear that their objective of being in the Bundestag is to bring improvements to society which means that whatever suggestion is given to them with regard to improving the situation of society is likely to be given a sympathetic ear. Aside from this similarity, they are also professionals who work as career politicians and are likely to have families, children, mobile phones as well as involvements in social organizations in their localities. Furthermore, it can be expected that they are well aware of international laws and even the laws of other countries in the EU concerning cell phone use while driving and the penalties associated with the crime. In fact, it becomes rather easy to see that the audience could be well aware of the issues surrounding the debate and might even be willing to follow the laws which have been enacted by nations in the region in similar situations. This makes the task of convincing them much easier since they can be shown data concerning how other countries have enacted the laws and what positive affects these laws have had on their motor safety. Further, they can be shown data from countries where mobile penetration is high yet there are no laws concerning the use of mobile phones while driving and how this affects the number of accidents on the roads. Moreover, they would also be pushed towards the point if they are told how a person’s situational awareness and ability to drive is affected while using a mobile phone. Most importantly, the argument presented to the audience has to be given a moral and ethical dimension since that can go a long way towards showing them that what they are doing will be good for society and it will have a

Monday, November 18, 2019

Who has been more successful at harmonising financial reporting the EU Essay

Who has been more successful at harmonising financial reporting the EU or the IASB Give reasons for your judgement - Essay Example Why? Because if an investor is interested in trading and putting his money which cumulatively accumulates as the region’s capital cannot invest in the member state which has different accounting standards as compared to his state, thus forcing him to invest in his state as he is not able to compare the financials of the other state leading to a non optimal distribution of capital. So for smooth and optimal distribution of capital across the European Union, it decided to go for an all out conversion of accounting standards, making the region more investor friendly and helping its political cause as well (Susanne & Christina, 2003). Even though standardisation of accounts was a welcome change for investors and industry as a whole, the reason behind the selection of International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) promulgated by IASB was questioned. It could be answered in two steps, one which was politically motivated and other which was more accounting standard oriented. In 1990s there were an increased mergers and acquisitions involving European companies within European Union and out of it, which increased the pressure of having a unified and standardised form of reporting system. Globalisation of capital market and international fund movement was mounting throughout the 90s. EU securities exchange allowed companies to list themselves if they were reported according to GAAP or IAS, the only possible way to remain in the global securities market which was constantly dominated by the United States. The European Union governments feared that this way US GAAP would become the international standard for financial reporting. Therefore, a need for a competing set of standard for reporting financials was deeply felt to counter the US dominance and their dictatorship over the rules of accounts to be followed worldwide. Thus, the option boiled down to two accounting standards: â€Å"European† standard or IASB accounting standard. Historical unsuccess ful combination

Friday, November 15, 2019

Handling Teenage Pregnancy Analysis Social Work Essay

Handling Teenage Pregnancy Analysis Social Work Essay Teenage pregnancy is no longer a surprising news to the public. Teenage pregnancy referring to McGraw-Hill dictionary, understood to occur in an age 13 to 19 who has not completed her secondary school study, has few or no marketable skills, is financially dependent upon her parents or continues to live at home and is often mentally immature . It made a critical impact upon Hong Kong society and it became a significan issue in society and academic fields. The paper would illustrate the brief history and contemporary situation in Hong Kong. It will also analyzes the social work pratice area of teenage pregnancy in Hong Kong and the reason why it is a hard task to deal. This is one of the social work practice that I think it is difficult for me to work on. I would review literature and cases about how can social workers handle this problem for the preparation for the further study and future work. Introduction In the past ten years of the 20th century, British governments became aware of teenage pregnancy issue as a significant public health and social problem . As a long-time sociologist on this isssue has observed, teenage pregnancy has become a veritable industry . This view was shared by Hong Kong society. Official statistics have already clearly shown the teenage pregnancy problem years ago. According to the a public survey on school-based sex education in Hong Kong conducted by Department of Social Work at The Chinese University of Hong Kong, among those aged 26 or below who requested for abortion in the past three years, 3% of them were teenagers below 16. Moreover , 183 teenagers aged below 18 gave birth in 2006 . All these statistics have again aroused the public concern. For the social work field, this is a social issue worthy of discussion. A local youth organization in Hong Kong conducted an exploratory and qualitative study focusing on teenagers who had become pregnant under the age of 18 (Hong Kong Federation of Youth Group 1995b). This is a in-depth study on teenage pregnancy in Hong Kong. The total of 25 girls were interviewed whom were referred by the Social Welfare Departmaent and other NGO. The study aimed at finding out their attitudes towards sex and contraception as well as the decision-making process regarding abortion. It explored that more interviewees chose to have an abortion in Hong Kong than to give birth to a baby that may trouble their futures. About half them made the decision to terminate the pregnancy within 2 weeks. However, four girls could not make up their minds or come to an agreement with their boyfriends . In these cases, the 24th week passed without a decision, making it too late for a legal abortion. Dealing with their issues of pregnancies, they worried more about the unpredictable chang es in their future life than the social moral or others impression on them. All in all, it concluded that these girls had actively participated in the decision-making process, moreover, even make the decision by themselves. In some condition,heir parents were not in direct practical help and some parents even did not know the problem at all. Difficulties in handling teenage pregnancy I know the most difficult part for me to handle the teenage pregnancy case is client self-determination phase. The client may be already suffered from her own confusion and the complicated emotion. As a professional social worker, must help the client to understand the pros and cons in her situation. Following the NASW Code of Ethics social workers respect and promote the right of clients to self-determination and assist clients in their efforts to identify and clarify their goals . This decision making is an overwhelmed task for everyone. To choose an abortion, means a loss of a essential attachment relationship . It is a more psychological tramua than a biological hurt. Choosing to keep the baby, also lead to a loss of the normal life, facing the threat of social norms, financial problem, parental style, end up of education, etc. It seems that there is never a good choice. In this helping process, it may conflict with my own interest and personal value and I afraid that would influence the clients self-determination ability. I feel confident with my professional of non-judgmental, but talking about providing the options, it is hard for my preference of anti-abortion. My mother is a Christian and her Christian value of opposing abortion has a great affect on me. From a Christian view, deliberate abortion, unless the mothers life is in danger, is murder. I agree with the idea that this is kind of killing the most defenseless livin beings by taking away their most basic right to live, without their permission. So this is also the reason why in some countries, abortion is illegal. The baby is innocent. It is a tragedy that one have no right to determine to live or not. I regard the baby as human life though some people say it is only an unwanted tissue. Besides, teenage abortion patients are more likely to come up with physical risks. Because their bodies are not yet fully developed and can not produce pathogens, which are found in the cervical mucus of older women and protect them from infection . These teenagers are also twice as likely to experience cervical lacerations and higher risk for post-abortion infections such as pelvic inflammatory disea se and endometritis . Scared by above information, I was clear that my personal interest is an obstacle to me of giving the unwed mother the choice of abortion. On the other hand, continue the pregnancy, the major concern is raising up the baby. If the baby could not born in a complete family, or the parent were reluctant to accept his/her, it may cause a negative effect on the babys whole life. It is not his choice to come to this world, but he have to bear all these. I really believe in the family of origins lifelong affect on the baby. Social scientists have found that the children growing up in single parent families are disadvantaged in many aspects comparing to a two-biological-parent families . Studies shows that these children are more potentially to have deviant behaviors such as become low acadamic achievement, drug abuse, join a gang, ect. Many of these problems are related to the poor economic condition and parenting style. To be honest, none of us want to born in a single parent family. The child may rather his mother did not give birth to him, but he have no choice. I worry that my dilemma of these cases would affect these sensitive teenage as they are really vulnerable under such condition. In the future work, I realize there is no way to escape from all this kind of issue. I have no choice but find out a applicable way to deal with it. How do social worker handle teenage pregnancy After doing literature review, I found the cardinal values of social work give me an effective support to handle these crisis. The Code of Ethics point out that all human beings deserve access to the resources they need to deal with lifes problems and to develop their full potential . As a social worker, we must believe that the client have the ability to make the preferable decision. Keep neutral and enhance their problem-solving and decision-making capacity in order to avoid conflict between our personal beliefs with the clients value. Tough decision to make Applying empathy to this kind of cases, we should recognize their emotional reactions. If we can not stand in their positions, it is impossible to help them to help themselves. During this period, their emotion would be easily affected and would go through shocked, frightened, frustrated, angry, helpless, lost and alone, worried and shameful. Showing acceptance and being supportive is essential, it can lower the clients anxiety and build up a trustful relationship. After the clients management of her emotion, weigh out the options, for example: her mental or physical health during prenancy, the financial conditionl and family support of the teenagers family, the family and status of the father, the future education or other plans for her . In the helping process, she is assisted to appraise her strengths and weaknesses as well as her extant resources and limitations, identify and assess alternatives, show empathy on her thoughts and feelings as well as take serious consideration of the welfare of the baby . Understand and inform the client about the pros and cons of all the choices, utilize the resources and then respect her choice no matter what it is.. Though the final decision is made by the client, this choice in fact would not be decided by her own. No doubt this would involved of her family support system or partner and friends social network. These teenager are tend to make decision under the pressure given by their parens or boyfriends. Mothers choice Usually, social worker whom work on the teenage pregnancy case will provide the teen three options and help this client to assess her situation. Keep the baby. If the client decide to keep the baby, the social worker should make it clear to the realistic demands of the costs whether now or the future. Make sure she get the fully perspective of the future challenges. Many kinds of responsibilities she has to take, such as physical and psychological changes, financial risks or maternal management. And the most important, is she well prepare for the new role of a parent. Give the baby up for adoption. The most crucial task before the babys birth, is consider to make the maximum benefits for the baby. Though it may broken the mothers heart. After concerns of the babys better future, some pregnant girls will continue their pregnancies and painfully give up the baby for adoption. If the client face her situation of not ready for a parenthood, no matter what kind of factors, we should respect her choice. She is bravely admitting she is not ready to becom a mother but want her baby to achieve a better life. To choose adoption can arouse the sense of loss and guilty. This feeling will start with the pregnancy itself because the expectant parents realize the fact of accept the loss of their own immediate life plans . Dealing with sadness and guilt is not easy, some of them may really suffer from the fact that permanently separated from their child or even feel grief and shame last a lifetime. So analyze all these cost and possibilities and inform her as much details as possible, it help her feel in control and confirm of making this decision. End the pregnancy. Some time abortion is a hard but reasonable choice. Abortion is a very sensitive issue for many people and a very difficult decision to make for many women. But to some extent, finacial or psychological limitation, they have no choice but to give up their babies for adortion for further consideration. Having an abortion under 24 weeks is considered legal in Hong Kong. Also, social worker should make sure that the client is informed the possible consequences, by consulting the doctor, the family and the partner to evaluate the determination. How if I face this issue As I realize the difficulties of myself in dealing with teenage pregnancy, the best way to solve this dilemma is follow the ethical principles. All social workers work is helping people to help themselves. What I have to do is to help her find out the best way to solve her problem. First is to keep confidential. Only in this way, the client assured that their information will not known by others so that will talk freely and provide more imformation. The principle also point our the confidentiality is not absolute when the client present a danger to self or others . I may discuss this concerns with my client and let her to decide whether to continue the services under such situation. A teen may face a dilemma, whether to tell others or not. When we feel the involvement of a parent or friends could be helpful, but she may not want any outside involvement . It is reasonable that under the pressure of social norms, this young girl will like to keep a secret. Senior social work suggest that the best way is explore her reluctance of telling others, after that, is up to her decision. And then, consent is an important ethical issue as well. We suggest voluntary involvement with the case to the client. For instance, Canadas common law states that people can consent if they are capable of understanding their problem, the proposed treatment, and the likely consequences of having or refusing treatment . In another word, it is her choice to consent or refuse. Facing any kind of deviant behaviour, a social worker must be non-judgmental. All of us were have been taught that we should not make judgments in class. As a human being, it is hard of putting none emotion on others. Geldard holds the view, that being non-judgmental and treating client with unconditional positive regard are goals which we should try our best to achieve. Though this is difficult, we need to explore in supervision any personal issues which may be interfering with their ability to be more accepting . I should strive to do this in order to build up a trustful relationship with the client. Conclusion Teenage pregnancy is a multifaceted issue that involve so many factors. As a social worker, understanding these teenagers as they try hard on making their decisions regarding sexuality and parenthood involves , keep in touch with their perceptions of themselves and their assessments of the opportunities that waiting them . After writing this paper, I recognize I had considered too much about humanitarianism and fostering a healthy baby, but neglect the pregnant teenager-my client. A social workers most concern is how to help the client to make maximum benefit in her situation but not to judge if they are right or wrong. I have to learn and practice more on believing in the clients ability to solve the problem and respect her choice. I will not pass judgment on the client who are confronting difficult decisions, they are doing the best they can.

Wednesday, November 13, 2019

The Lord Of The Flies :: essays research papers

The Lord of the Flies The adventure novel, The Lord of the Flies, was an epic tale that depicted the different facets of the human spirit. It was written by William Golding in the 1950's and recieved many awards. It was declared the "Outstanding Novel of the Year" by E.M. Forrester. The author did in no wat mean for this story to be biographical, but Mr. Golding depicted well the many different aspect of human nature. The book has been described as "provacative, vivid and enthralling," but Time and Tide said it best when they wrote, â€Å"It is not only a first-rate adventure story but a parable of our times." The novel took place on an island probably somewhere in the middle of the Atlantic. This can be inferred because of the fact that the boys are British and that they arrived on the island by way of a plane cradsh. The story also occurred during wartime. The story begins when a group of British boys crash on an uninhabited island. In the beginning they area all unruly and unmorginized. Finally, a boy by the nakme of Ralph decides to take charge and call a meeting. The boys declare him â€Å"chief† and then begin to follow his lead. Ralph is also assisted by another lad by the name of Piggy. The group of boys were getting along fine until Jack Merridew, a boy who wanted to be â€Å"chief† instead, decided to go his own way. He disobeyed Ralph and did things his own way. He was to preoccupied witdh his own whims to do the act that was most important on the island, which was to keep the signal going so they could be rescued. Finally, Jack went against Ralph and declared that if any of the other boys wanted to have â€Å"fun,† which meant acting like savages, that they should follow him. The boys splot up into two groups and then havoc insued. Jacks group went around hunting and being barbaric while the others tried to get rescued. In the end Jack had gotten all the boys except Ralph to run around loke wild animals. Then when Jack got tired of dealing with Ralph, he convinced wveryone to try and kill him. By then however, a navy ship had come an they could never get around to the nasty deed. There was more than one antagonist in the story, The Lord of the Flies. They were Ralph, Piggy, and all the other boys who tried to sustain order and law on the island. To begin with, Ralph was the â€Å"first† chief on the island.

Monday, November 11, 2019

The Significance of the Manner in Which Ophelia Dies

There on the pendant boughs her coronet weeds/ Clambering to hang, an envious sliver broke,] When down her weedy trophies and herself/ Fell in the weeping brook. Her clothes spread wide,] And mermaid-like awhile they bore her up†¦ (line 197-201 , Act 4, Scene 7). Shakespeare, by â€Å"letting† Aphelia drowns herself, to some extents alleviates the pain of death and pictures a beautiful Aphelia drowned In water with her beauty minded and preserved.By comparing Aphelia to a mermaid-like figure, Shakespeare gives unreal characteristics to her death and makes it smoother for Aphelia, whose life has been tragic enough. The fact that Aphelia was suffocated under her own dress and that her feminine clothes made her impossible to swim is a metaphor of women's helplessness at the time being – Aphelia dies without any self- defense or mobility. Shakespeare implies the role of women in society and how being a woman gives Aphelia no chance to react even in death.At the same ti me, Aphelia peps singing: Which time she chanted snatches of old lauds/ As one incapable of her own distress/ Or Like a creature native and endued/ Unto that element. (line 202-205, Act 4, Scene 7). Her chanting reminds audience of her madness In Scene 5 and 6, In which she sings songs about men and death. Audience may Identify Aphelion's chanting as a trace of madness, but also her singing on the verge of death portrays a passive let-go of Life – Aphelia clearly has no Intention of fighting back or even crying out for help. Compared to Aphelion's conversations with Polonium andHamlet throughout the play, it is clear that Aphelia never has any voice or reaction to the events of her life – her madness, her destiny and even her death are caused and retold by others. For several times throughout the play Aphelia is pictured with flowers. At the end of Act 4, Scene 7, her death is again associated with symbolic floral images: Therewith fantastic garlands did she make/ Of c ornflowers, nettles, daisies, and long purples/ That liberal shepherds give a grosser name/ But our cold maids do â€Å"dead men's fingers† call them. Nine 193-196, Act 4, Scene 7). Flowers are symbols of Aphelion's tragic life, being a victim of disruptive events mostly caused by men. Cornflower symbolizes a dream of lover, portraying a dying Aphelia still thinking about Hamlet and his love[l]. Nettles signify her bad luck and tragic destiny; while daisies represent innocent love[2]. The long purples represent Aphelion's loss in love Wendell at ten same time audience can assume Tanat â€Å"a grosser name† raters to sexuality[3].By calling long purples â€Å"dead men's fingers†, Shakespeare implies the causes of Aphelion's death as her life is destined by men (Hamlet, Polonium and Alerts); reminding audience of the song which she sings earlier: Larded all with sweet flowers/ Which between to the ground did not go/ With true-love showers. (line 43-45, Act 4, Scen e 5). By associating Aphelion's figure with the presence of flowers, Shakespeare also lets audience know about women's beauty and fragility as that of flowers: although women are romantic and pretty outside, they are truly somber and vulnerable indeed.

Friday, November 8, 2019

Success and Failure of Intelligence essay part 2Essay Writing Service

Success and Failure of Intelligence essay part 2Essay Writing Service Success and Failure of Intelligence essay part 2 Success and Failure of Intelligence essay part 2Success and Failure of Intelligence   essay part  1Furthermore, the allies’ armies and infrastructure remained unharmed and, more important, the allies armies have got better opportunities to track the movement and actions of the enemy securing its position through deciphering the communication between Germans, who used Enigma or its navy encryption. In such a way, the German military faced the problem of information breaches since the allies had got an opportunity to decipher the communication of Germans. As a result, they had got access to the secret information and their interceptions could help them to understand what Germans planned to do and reveal German strategy and key military operations (Stinnett, 2009). In fact, the cracking of Enigma gave the allies the clue to the communication channels of Germans that apparently weakened German army and enhanced the position of the allies in the war.The cracking of Enigma caus e substantial harms to Germans, who became vulnerable to unexpected actions and attacks of the allies, who deciphered German communication due to the successful intelligence operation of cracking Enigma. Germans could not be absolutely safe anymore because the allies could foresee their operations and actions due to the information which they intercepted from the communication between Germans. In such a situation, Germans could not conduct their operations successfully and the risk of their failure increased because they could not encrypt their communication effectively, while their enemy, i.e. the allies, could elaborate effective counter strategies being aware of actions and plans of Germans.Furthermore, the cracking of Enigma was the successful intelligence operation because it has brought the strategic advantage to the allies, who could track and decipher the communication of Germans, while the communication plays the key and strategically important part in military operations. The party that cannot encrypt and hide its communication from the enemy turns out to be in a disadvantageous position as was the case of Germany (Weinberg Gerhard 2013). Positive effects of the cracking of Enigma became obvious shortly after the cracking because the allies had got an opportunity to decipher the communication of the enemy. In such a situation, the allies had started to use the full potential of the cracking of Enigma focusing on the interception of German communication to understand their plans, actions and other important issues which could have played an important part in World War II.Finally, Germans remained unaware of their encryption system being broken down until the late period of the war, when the outcome of the war was almost clear and Germans could not counter attack effectively. In fact, Germans remained confident in the reliability and security of their encryption system because they were certain in its high theoretical security level, although being ex tremely safe in theory, Enigma had proved to be insecure in practice. However, Germans uncovered this fact too late to prevent the allies from revelation of numerous military operations and plans of Germans. As a result, the late uncover of the intelligence operation by the enemy is another evidence of the overall success of the intelligence operation on cracking Enigma.On the other hand, the US intelligence had suffered one of the most severe failures, when it had failed to prevent and foresee the upcoming assault on Pearl Harbor. In contrast to the cracking of Enigma, the intelligence operations aiming at the monitoring of the Japanese navy movement and operations in the Pacific Ocean had proved to be the total failure, as the US intelligence had not identified the threat in time and underestimated the potential threat from the part of the Japanese in time (Steinberg, 1995). The attack of Japanese army on Pearl Harbor was a turning point in the history of World War II. In fact, th e attack led to the active involvement of the USA in World War II and made the war truly global. In this respect, it is important to emphasize that the USA’s entry into World War II influenced consistently the balance of power in the world and, to a significant extent, predetermined the outcome of the war. At the same time, the involvement of the USA in World War II was provoked by the growing aggression from the part of Japan as well as Germany which threatened to the strategic ally of the USA in Europe, Great Britain. The involvement of the USA in World War II strengthened consistently the allies. In such a context, the role of Pearl Harbor and its outcomes can hardly be underestimated. At the same time, views of specialists on causes, which led to the Japanese attack as well as causes of such unexpected and extremely high casualties among Americans, vary consistently.First of all, it is important to understand causes of the attack and motives of each party involved in the conflict, in order to understand causes of numerous casualties, success of Japanese and unexpected failure of Americans. Traditionally specialists (Cook, 1955) argue that Japan tended to the domination in the Asia-Pacific region and it attempted to establish its total control over the region. Hence, the attack of Japanese on Pearl Harbor was rather a question of time than a question of international diplomacy or relations. What is meant here is the fact that Japan was not interested in the presence of a powerful state, such as the USA in the region. Instead, Japan’s strategic goal was the domination in the region. Naturally, such domination could not be achieved as long as the USA opposed to Japanese efforts to gain the dominant position. Obviously, the USA was a threat to Japan because Americans would not allow Japanese grew in power since the latter would be a threat to the national interests of the USA. As a result, Japan decided to attack the USA and destroy its main nava l base because Japan expected that the USA would not recover after Pearl Harbor (Toland, 2006).The USA, in its turn, apparently underestimated the threat from the part of Japan and, what is more, Americans failed to foresee the attack. This was not only a tactical failure of the US navy commandment, but it was also a failure of American intelligence. As a result, the US navy was not really prepared for the attack that actually caused numerous casualties. At the same time, the USA could also count for diplomatic resolution of existing conflicts and tension between the USA and Japan.Unlike the cracking of Enigma, the intelligence operation against the Japanese was conducted by the US intelligence only and the information collected was fragmentary but, if the British and Americans had managed to crack Enigma on the ground of the fragmentary information available to them, they had failed to interpret properly actions of the Japanese navy in the Pacific Ocean before the assault on Pearl Harbor.Furthermore, the assault on Pearl Harbor had led to disastrous destructions of the infrastructure of the US navy and air forces in the region (Keegan, 2007). In this regard, the results of the cracking of Enigma were absolutely contrary since the US army and its allies had managed to avoid the destructive impact of German attacks as they could foresee their actions due to deciphering of the communication between German military units. As a result, the allies could foresee where Germans could strike and they undertook measures to prevent possible destructions and casualties.In the course of the attack, about 2,400 American soldiers were killed and over 1,100 American soldiers were wounded (Hakim, 2012). Unlike the intelligence operation leading to the cracking of Enigma, the intelligence failed to prevent numerous casualties. In this regard, the cracking of Enigma had had totally different effects since the allies had managed to decrease casualties due to the interception of t he German communication and better forecasting of actions of the enemy.The US intelligence agents did not suffer during the intelligence operation but the US intelligence agents had failed to perform their functions properly.In addition, preparation of the operation and its implementation resulted in the failure of the US intelligence to divert the attack and warn the US military about the threat of the attack on Pearl Harbor. As a result, the balance of power in the Asia-Pacific region had changed since the US army had lost its position after the defeat. The loss of a large number of aircrafts, battle ships and other ships resulted in the loss of the military power and required the US to supply new battle ships and aircrafts to defend its western coastline from the potential attack from the part of Japan. Therefore, the overall effect of the attack on Pearl Harbor reveals the failure of the US intelligence because of the loss of the position of the US in the Asia-Pacific region.In addition, the failure of the US intelligence resulted in the involvement of the US in World War II because, if the US army was informed of the upcoming threat, it could undertake preventive steps to divert the threat, for instance, through increasing of the military presence in Pearl Harbor that could discourage the Japanese from the attack on the US navy base (Miller, 2011).In this regard, the results of the intelligence operation on the cracking Enigma is quite different since cracking of Enigma had positive effects that is the evidence of the overall success of the operation. The allies became able to operate more successfully because they could decipher the communication of Germans, while, in case of the attack on Pearl Harbor, the US military power in the Asia-Pacific region had been undermined that proved the failure of the intelligence operation.Finally, it is worth mentioning the fact that the failure of the US intelligence became evident to the enemy as well as the rest of the world immediately after the attack on Pearl Harbor. In such a way, the US intelligence had proved to be unable to uncover the plan of the attack of the Japanese on Pearl Harbor. In this regard, the failure of the US intelligence in case of Pearl Harbor was evident, while the cracking of Enigma was a truly successful intelligence operation which remained unknown to the public as well as Germans for a long time and allowed the allied to take the strategic advantage in their military operations in Europe against Germans.Thus, two different intelligence operations were absolutely different not only in their tactics, strategy and significance but they were absolutely different in their effects because the intelligence operation aiming at cracking Enigma was apparently the success of the allies’ intelligence, whereas the intelligence operation of the US in regard to Japanese military actions and plans in the Asia-Pacific region was the total failure as the Attack on Pearl Harbo r resulted in disastrous effects on the US military power in the region and involved the US into World War II.

Wednesday, November 6, 2019

Zappos Case Study

Zappos Case Study Company Background Zappos is an online shoes and apparel company with its head quarters situated at Henderson, Nevada, USA; it is barely twelve years old; Nick Swinmurn founded it in 1999. Swinmurn got the idea to invest in the company after he searched for his favorite brown pair of shoes in vain; he pondered over the idea and he saw an opportunity in the market to invest in the sector.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Zappos Case Study specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the same year that he had missed his favorite pair of shoes, Swinmurn approached Tony Hsieh and  Alfred Lin, and they jointly started an online footwear shop that they named as â€Å"ShoeSite to Zappos†. One year down the line, the company merged with Venture Frogs, which added an additional capital to the growing capital base of the company and jointly they adopted the name Zappos. According to the company’s audited financial statem ent of 2009, the company was worth $1.2 billion in 2009. To venture and adopt better online selling skills, the company sold some of its shares to Amazon.com in 2008; currently the company’s chief execute officer and chief finance officer are Tony Hsieh and Chris Nielsen respectively (Zappos Official Website, 2011). This paper analyzes Zappos management structure. Organizational structure The company has a formal structure where there are two main players, the chief executive office and the chief finance officer. They are the people that are mandated with the task of condensation and pioneering different issues in the company. The managers have the role of making various decisions on different issues in the company. The idea to target the international market has been seen as an unusual approach to the company’s selling and business approach. The highly unusual corporate philosophy formed the foundation for the company’s business model, notably its profit sharin g operator agreement. The model is such that, when the company wishes to expand, instead of seeking out franchisees, it carries out a search for highly motivated and responsible operators, who are usually among the existing employees of the company. The top management has numerous meeting with other line managers in the efforts to disburse information and receive feedbacks from the people on the ground. They do not stay in the office and wait for work to be done but they are actively involved in day-to-day running to the organization (Smith Mazin, 2004). Values/ethics Zappos realizes that its success is dependent on the loyalty that they get from their customers, one of the ways of ensuring that they get customers attention and loyalty to the company eventually develop.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Management emphasizes on the need to have high moral values and always aim at selling commodities whose value is high and unquestionable. The company’s products, which include shoes, handbags, accessories and apparels, are sourced from reputable companies like   Nike,  Ugg boots, and  Steve Madden  heels; currently the company has over 5000 brands of products that it has to monitor for quality. Shoes account for 80% of the company’s sales. When we talk of an ethical business, it means that the business is conducted in a way that it goes in line with the generally accepted morals in the society. Some of the ethical matters that the company looks into include compliance with international laws of trade, being responsible and committed to its business and having an integrity lead team (Zappos Official Website, 2011). Corporate social responsibilities are actions that a company commits its self to do, not for its income generation but projects that benefit the society. The responsibilities that the company has engaged in inclu de; building of medical centers and hospitals, building schools, scholarships to students and charity work (Andrew Matten, 2004). Zappos leadership plays an important role in strategy development in the organization; the leaders are ready to answer and manage fears that the employees have, they are from the top most to the supervisors. To develop freelance culture, Zappos has ten core values, which all employees must adhere to, they are Deliver WOW Through Service: this is through offering high quality service that can be relied upon. Embrace and Drive Change: the company understands that change is inevitable in modern changing business environments, thus it prepares its team for change when needed to better its service delivery. Create Fun and A Little Weirdness: the services offered should be quality and appealing to customers. Be Adventurous, Creative, and Open-Minded: the company aims at improving its processes through its highly experienced employees, they are motivated to be adventurous and creative to have better ways of doing business. Pursue Growth and Learning: the company aims at offering its employees a career through the company Build Open and Honest Relationships With Communication: the company has an effective communication strategy that offers information from customers, employees and management Build a Positive Team and Family Spirit: the company aims at developing orchestrate teams Do More With Less Being Passionate and Determined Being Humble (Zappos Official Website, 2011) Decision-making Decisions are the driving force in the organization; managers at different levels are mandated with the task of making decisions within their jurisdictions. For example, Zappos has a strong marketing team, when they want to change the strategy and the approach to marketing. Then the company’s head of marketing is the reference point. The quality of decision that managers make give their organization direction and focus. The growth and competitive ness of an organization is influenced by the quality as well as acceptability of decisions made by managers at all levels (Wheelen Hunger, 1999). There is a well cut hierarchy of power distribution in the company; those decisions that require the approval of higher managers are affected only after they have been vetted. When making decisions, it is the organizational culture of Zappos to consult junior and senior employees so that they can develop effective and acceptable decisions. The management-decision making approach adopted by the company can be referred to as scientific decision making approach, this is where to make good decision managers must undergo three main stages they are; defining the problem, data collection and choosing the best alternative. Always a good manager considers the urgency of the decision before making one (Bridge Dodds, 1975).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Zappos Case Study specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Human resources management/employees relations The company respects it employees and have made policies aimed at getting employees loyalty; it has over 1500 employees getting direct returns from the company. The rate of compensation is high and there is respect of their view. When the company sis recruiting, applicants are subjected to robust interviewing program that is of two stages, professional aptitude and personality tests, this is aimed at getting the right people who are willing to adopt the culture of the company that encourages innovation and invention of better way of doing work. After an applicant has been successful, the company offers six-month probation where it learns the applicant further. After the success, then an employee is employed under permanent and pensionable bases; the company operates a defined contribution pension scheme. Some of the benefits that the internal customers enjoy are free medical care and lunches, free vending-machin es, fully equipped-free library and a nap room; the policies set by the management aims at having an orchestrate team through performance reward scheme (Zappos Official Website, 2011). The human resource department is given the mandate of ensuring that adequate employees are available at all times. It has the mandate of planning, deploying, employing, training, retaining, and dismissal of employees. When the department is undertaking this duty, it looks into quantitative and qualitative aspects. Qualitative means the right number of employees and qualitative means employees with right skills (Renckly Renckly, 2003). Communication Zappos has an effective internal and external communication system: the system allows for feedback from different stakeholders like the employees, shareholders and customers. Internal business communication is vital for success in all businesses; it facilitates understanding and innovation in a company. Success in this context means, being able to accompli sh a particular task or to achieve a specific objective. Good business communications in relationships with either fellow staffs or customers is needed in order to prosper. Business success can be measured in terms of the practicability of business relationships that is directly proportional to the quality of communication (Guffer Almonte, 2009).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Marketing strategy One of the strongest departments in the company is the marketing department: the company adopts a Communication marketing strategy (MARCOM): a marketing strategy that incorporates different marketing strategies to have one strategy that can effectively fight their competitors (Reid Plank, 2004). The system operates as follows: Zappos develops various advertisement programs and use of mass media to market for a company’s product. The method has a strong point in that it gets access to a large population making it relatively cheap method of advertising. The method faces a problem of choosing the right approach that will cover all ages, culture and beliefs that the media is able to access at a go. The Medias used include television, Radios and online internet Medias as if you tube (Anctil, 2008). Since Zappos products are personal in nature, the company has adopted a personalized marketing approach. Traditionally, sales were aimed at creating awareness of exi stence of a product in the market. However, functions of sales have increased to develop a company-customer relationship. Customer loyalty and building a strong brand name are the advanced objectives of sales. Zappos has a number of direct marketing sales: under this approach, the customer and the sales man develop strong relations, which can result to a high customer loyalty. Zappos has adopted an online marketing strategy and the use of social networks. Such networks include Face-book and twitter. Certain information is given as updates in the social networks and users can get their queries solved over them. This aims at creating a human face with the market where they can interact with the company easily (Peter, 2006). Supply chain management To manage the large stock of variety, the company need to have a robust and effective supply chain managements system. To have the effective supply chain management, the company has embarked on supplier relations, where it has maintained goo d relations with its suppliers in a move to ensure quality supply at an affordable cost. Zappos has a strong procurement; having a good supply chain management makes the company have adequate stock always. There are adequate supplies at an appropriate price and the time when the company requires the supply. The well-developed supply chain management has given the company a competitive advantage. Zappos supply chain management team has quality, quantitative, price and logistic objectives. Conflict management and change management The company is structured in a way that there are micro teams that are mandated with taking certain roles: when conflict occurs in the teams, team leaders are mandated with the role of solving the conflicts. They should hold a neutral ground and listen to two sides of a conflict before making judgement. Incases the conflict are as a result of policy, the management has the role of enforcing the policy and in case the conflict is with the national or internat ional laws, the company legal department intervenes. The company has undergone changes effectively: its Leaders are mandated with the task of pioneering a business to its desired objectives. In transitional period the leaders is the one who guides subordinates to the desired path. They jointly make rules and policies to be followed in attaining the goals. Zappos freelance culture embraces change. Observations, comments, and conclusions The success of Zappos in national and international markets has been facilitated by its visionary managers; they make timely decisions and ensure that business processes are effectively managed. The expansion strategy that the company enacts benefits its operations and aims at improving the sales of the company. Managers are not the sole source of information but they delegate power and consult junior employees before making a decision; this has created innovation and invention of better processes in the company. The nature of the business calls for a strong supply chain and marketing strategy, which the company has effectively enacted. The business world is changing; the company should not be contented by its increasing sales and lose its aggressiveness. It can use the experience and intellectualism in its employees to start a manufacturing plant instead of depending on other companies to supply readymade products; such a strategy is likely to increase the company’s sales further. Secondly, the company has strong brand name thus, it can venture into franchising business and use brand extension strategy to increase its sales. References Anctil, E. (2008). Marketing and Advertising the Intangible. ASHE Higher Education Report, 34(2), 31-47. Andrew C., Matten, D. (2004). Business Ethics. Oxford: Oxford University press : Oxford. Bridge, J., Dodds., J.(1975). Managerial decision making. London: Taylor Francis. Guffer, M. E., Almonte, R. (2009). Essentials of Business Communication. New York: Cengage Learning. Peter D. (2 006). Marketing Management and Strategy. London: Post Telecom Press. Reid, A., Plank, E.(2004). Fundamentals of Business Marketing Research. New York: Best Business Books. Renckly, B., Renckly, R. (2003). Human Resources. New York: Barrons Educational Series. Smith, S., Mazin, R. (2004). The HR answer book: an indispensable guide for managers and human resources professionals. New York: Amacom Div American Mgmt Assn. Wheelen, L., Hunger, J.(1999). Strategic Management and Business Policy: Entering 21st Century Global Society. Massachusetts: Addison Wesley. Zappos Official Website. (2011). Zappos.com. Retrieved from https://www.zappos.com/

Monday, November 4, 2019

Enjoying Horror Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Enjoying Horror - Essay Example This is same as arguing people watch horror movies because they want to be frightened. The plain suspense in horror films like Paranormal Activity has enabled the movie to draw massive viewing. The movie is about young couple who placed audio-visual equipment to capture unusually activity going on in the house. The suspense in the movie is so strong because the viewers want to know the cause of strange activities. The climax of the horror comes out when zombies go on massive killings towards the end of the film (Hawkins 1). Psychological effects of horror movies on viewers also make them interesting to view. Neuroscientist argue that the neurons in human brains work in a complex way that allows human brains to think, reason and act in a different ways from other animals. They further argue that fear is an emotion derived from newly learned cautions as well as deep-seeded evolutionary factors (Hawkins 1). Analysis The catharsis theory can also be used to explain why horror movies are enjoyable. The movies are appealing due to their traffics in thoughts and emotions that have been subdued by the ego though they seem vaguely familiar. Neuroscientists believe that horror touches on elemental images in the joint unconscious. Several individuals have not repressed feelings like drowning of children or slaughtering of women, they may want to watch more horror movies in order to overcome such fears. Horror films may combine traditional horror films themes and comedy. Comedy-Horror movies are intended to scare the audience and provide humor for the viewers to laugh at their fear. Another thing with horror movies is the intense experiences it brings to the audience. This explains why young people would prefer watching horror movies. The intense experiences make their hearts race and bring out the true nature of life (Hawkins 1). McIntyre, Gina. The Horror . . . The Horror. Loss Angeles Times. 2009. Web. 4th August 2013. http://articles.latimes.com/2009/jan/25/entertainme nt/ca-horror25 Summary Horror films are movies that are intended to create a sense of alarm, fear and panic among the audience. The films are usually unsettling and rely on scare tactics to capture the attention of the audience. The movies are usually centered on an evil person, event or force. â€Å". Most horror films are set in lonely places, ruined houses, deserts or forests. The villains are bad looking individuals who could be dressed in masks. The villains live a strange life such as feeding on humans and raw meat. The victims are innocent individuals who could be out on a tour only to fall at the hands of villains (McIntyre 1) Analysis Most researchers think that the killings and blood in horror movies makes them interesting. For example, Zombie-horror is characterized by mindless beings raised from the dead. They contain zombie invasion on human territory and feed on human beings. A struggle then arises between human beings and the zombies, the Zombies wanting to feed on h umans while humans are defending their territory. The struggle between the humans and zombies keeps the audience glued to their seats. However, other factors motivate the audience when watching horror movies. This could be the moral lesson that is found in such films. â€Å"If horror films reflect the anxieties of a culture, then it makes perfect sense that so many nefarious characters are emerging from the darkness: The collapse of the housing market, the menacing

Saturday, November 2, 2019

Company law Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Company law - Coursework Example creditor is provided with a way of protection on certain specified assets of the company and if subsequently there is default the creditor can sell the assets so as to cover up the debt that is owed to him. A fixed charge in a situation of liquidation or receivership ranks highest in the order of priority. The most common feature of a fixed charge is that it attaches to the asset which is relevant upon creation. Thus fixed assets which are to be kept by the company for the long run are best suited for the creation of a fixed charge. On the other hand a floating charge has been defined in Re Yorkshire Woolcombers Association1 as â€Å"A charge on a class of assets of company, present and future; which class is, in the ordinary course of the company’s business, changing from time to time; and until the holders enforce the charge the company may carry on business and deal with the assets charged†. Thus it can be seen from the definition that contrary to a fixed charge, a floating charge does not attach to the property unless the charge has crystallized. A floating charged can therefore be applicable to fixed as well as current assets that is if upon ‘the undertaking and assets’ a charge has been created. Crystallization of a floating charge can occur by various ways and one of them is the liquidation of the company. The identification of a fixed or floating charge is not easily made at times but it is pertinent to mention that if a receiver is appointed the preferential creditors of a company are paid first. (s.40 Insolvency Act 1986). The labeling of a charge is not in itself conclusive. (Street v. Mountford). Thus a charge is not fixed where there the asset that has been charged can be dealt with by the company. (R in Right of British Columbia v. Federal Business Development Bank). The priority of charges is important when different charges have been created over the same property, if the question of registration of a charge is kept aside then an equitable

Thursday, October 31, 2019

Analysis and Interpretation of the Theme - The Bagman's Father Essay

Analysis and Interpretation of the Theme - The Bagman's Father - Essay Example The play has been set at a local restaurant which has several components; the first is a cluttered and cheap restaurant where all sort of people have access to food and drinks. The second is a fine dining restaurant where only high officials and elite's approach for their recreation and finally there is a sitting room where limited people sit spend their time. This story unfolds in such a manner that it highlights the negatives that prevail in the society and the underworld where life is pretty cheap and stakes are quite high. This story is something pretty unusual but depicts the reality of the darker side of life which most of us are not aware of. The life where death is common and one is taught to "Die happy" as it is part of their fate. This play is a very good example of a suspense thriller where on each step a mystery is awaiting our protagonist that is the Bagman. Devotion and dedication to a cause can be observed as he despite all the hurdles and obstacles that come his way h e still manages to maintain the dignity of his work. He is well aware of the fact that this profession can eventually take his life but despite the fact he continues his effort irrespective of what may come his way. He knows that if he meets Avila Schond on his way to the siting room where he is going in search of Ramachadran then things will not be in his favor so taking such a bold step portrays his courage and devotion. Another thing that is very intriguing is how smart he acts throughout the play and never takes a step backs despite all the hardships that came his way. He is determined to convey the message to Mr. Ramachadran through any means even at the cost of his life. When his instincts tell him that the message might contain something that can cause his death as his teacher whom he was really attached to was killed in the same manner, he still keeps his morale high and does not give up on hope at any cost and confronts to his duty. Throughout the course of the play the wri ter has incorporated violence, fraud, deceit and the ills that prevail in such a society. But despite that the writer did not fail to incorporate emotions in the play. Although the Bagman had been a bastard and was disowned by his own father, after ages when they met even then he had a soft corner for him and despite all the grudges he has for him he still cannot hide his feelings for his father and therefore he manages to express them at some point or the other. By the end of the play the father even manages to express the love he had for his mother, â€Å"I loved your mother,† he said. â€Å"I did, Son." Another point which shows that although being raised in an environment where cheating and fraud persist the bagman still finds someone like his teacher who is his only inspiration and although he is not with him anymore he adores him and seeks his teachings and has respect for him proving to be loyal to his master. "You know them, you know their business, you know the rela tionships, but when you carry their money, you don’t know what it’s for. And when you deliver these messages, you don’t know what they say.† This explains his job and how risky things were for him and irrespective of that he had to work for them knowing that his life is at stake over there. This story has a massive portion which deals with massacre and bloodshed with the use of deadly weapons and various other ways. The end of the play leaves the protagonist injured and when he is revived and the other characters

Monday, October 28, 2019

Rizal in Macao Essay Example for Free

Rizal in Macao Essay Hounded by powerful enemies, Rizal was forced to leave his country for a second time in February 1888. He was then a full- grown man of 27 years of age, a practicing physician, and a recognized man-of-letters. The first time he went aboard in June 1882, he was a mere lad of 21, a youthful student in search of wisdom in the Old World, a romantic idealist with beautiful dreams of emancipating his people from bondage by the magic power of his pen. Times had changed. Rizal at 27 was an embittered victim of human iniquities, a disillusioned dreamer, a flustrated reformer. The Trip to Hong Kong. On February 3, 1888, after a short stay of six months in his beloved Calamba, Rizal left Manila for Hong Kong on board the Zafiro. He was sick and sad during the crossing of the choppy China Sea. He did not get off his ship when it made brief stopover at Amoy on February 7. for three reasons: (1) he was not feeling well, (2) it was raining hard, and (3) he heard that the city was dirty. He arrived in Hong Kong on February 8. During his stay in Hong Kong, a British colony, Rizal wrote a letter to Blumentritt, dated February 16, 1888, expressing his bitterness. In Hong Kong, Rizal stayed at Victoria Hotel. He was welcomed by the Filipino residents, including Jose Maria Basa, Balbino Mauricio, and Manuel Yriarte, (son of Francisco Yriarte, alcalde mayor of Laguna). A Spaniard, Jose Sainz de Varanda, who was a former secretary of Governor General Terrero, shadowed Rizal’s movement in Hong Kong. It is believed that he was commissioned by the Spanish authorities to spy on Rizal. Hong Kong, wrote Rizal to Blumentritt on February 16, 1888, is a small, but very clean city. Many Portuguese, Hindus, English, Chinese, and Jews live in it. There are some Filipinos, the majority of whom being those who had been exiled to the Marianas Islands in 1872. They are poor, gentle, and timid. Formerly they were rich mechanics, industrialists, and financiers. Visit to Macao. On Feb 18, Rizal, accompanied by Basa, boarded the ferry steamer. Kiu-kiang for Macao. Macao is a Portuguese colony near Hong Kong. â€Å"the city of Macao,† wrote Rizal, in his diary, â€Å"is small, low, and gloomy. There are many junks, sampans, but few steamers. It looks sad and is almost dead. † In Macao, Rizal and Basa stayed at the home of Don Juan. Francisco Lecaros, a Filipino gentleman married to a Portuguese lady. He was rich and spent his days cultivating plants and flowers, many of which came from Philippines. During his two-day sojourn in Macao, Rizal visited the theatre, casino, cathedral and churches, pagodas, botanical garden, and bazaars. He also saw the famous Grotto of Camoens, Portugal’s national poet. In the evening of February 19, he witnessed a Catholic, in which the devotees were dressed in blue and purple dresses and were carrying unlighted candles.

Saturday, October 26, 2019

Strategies to Test for Rheumatic Heart Disease

Strategies to Test for Rheumatic Heart Disease Rheumatic heart disease remains a major public health problem in many parts of the world. While the incidence and prevalence of ARF and RHD have been decreasing in developed countries since the early twentieth century, they continue to be major causes of morbidity and mortality among young people in developing nations. It is estimated that there are more than 15 million cases of RHD worldwide, with 282,000 new cases and 233,000 deaths annually[1]. Globally, India contributes nearly 25%-50% of newly diagnosed cases, deaths, hospitalizations and burden of RHD.The earliest reporting of RHD was done in 1910. Even during the 1980s, hospital admission data suggested that RF and RHD accounted for nearly one-half to one-third of the total cardiac admissions at various teaching hospitals all over India. A more recent survey across various tertiary care hospitals found that hospital admission rates of RHD had declined (5%-26% of cardiac admissions). Population-based epidemiological data to ascertain the prevalence of RHD and their impact on community in India are lacking. A properly planned population study in 1993 reported a prevalence of 0.09% for RHD. Most of the epidemiological studies are school-based surveys. The reported prevalence of RHD varied from 1.8 to 11/ 1000 schoolchildren (average 6/1000) during the 1970s and 1980s, and 1-3.9/1000 during the 1990s.Studies using echocardiographic validation of clinical diagnoses show a much lower prevalence of RHD. The surveys conducted by the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) also indicate a decline in the prevalence of RHD over decades. The epidemiology of rheumatic heart disease in India is of special interest as it may help to understand the effects of economic transition on this particular enigmatic disease. Critical appraisal of the published literature suggests the possibility of a real decline in the occurrence of the disease in some parts of the country, but a continuing onslaught in several other regions. The rate of decline seems to correlate more with improved public health facilities than with economic growth alone. However, the cumulative burden of the disease remains high, and sustained efforts for the prevention of rheumatic heart disease needs special attention [2]. Rheumatic fever is the most common cause of mitral stenosis. Other less common etiologies of obstruction to left atrial outflow include congenital mitral valve stenosis, , mitral annular calcification with extension onto the leaflets, cor triatriatum, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, left atrial myxoma, and infective endocarditis with large vegetations. Pure or predominant MS occurs in approximately 40% of all patients with rheumatic heart disease and a past history of rheumatic fever. In other patients with rheumatic heart disease, lesser degrees of MS may accompany mitral regurgitation (MR) and aortic valve disease. In temperate climates and developed countries, the incidence of MS has declined considerably over the past few decades due to reductions in the incidence of acute rheumatic fever. However, it remains a major problem in developing nations, especially in tropical and semitropical climates[3]. In normal cardiac physiology, the mitral valve opens during left ventricular diastole, to allow blood to flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle. This flow direction will be maintained as long as the pressure in the left ventricle is lower than the pressure in the left atrium and the blood flows down the pressure gradient. Mitral stenosis (MS) is a mechanical obstruction during blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle. Obstruction happens due to thickening and immobility of the leaflets, thickening and fusion of the chorda tendinae or mitral annular and commissural calcification[4]. In rheumatic MS, the valve leaflets are diffusely thickened by fibrous tissue and/or calcific deposits. The mitral commissures fuse, the chordae tendineae fuse and shorten, the valvular cusps become rigid, and these changes, in turn, lead to narrowing at the apex of the funnel-shaped (fish-mouth) valve. Although the initial insult to the mitral valve is rheumatic, the later changes may be a nonspecific process resulting from trauma to the valve caused by altered flow patterns due to the initial deformity. Calcification of the stenotic mitral valve immobilizes the leaflets and narrows the orifice further. Thrombus formation and arterial embolization may arise from the calcific valve itself, but in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), thrombi arise more frequently from the dilated left atrium (LA), particularly from within the left atrial appendage. In normal adults, the area of the mitral valve orifice is 4-6 cm2. In the presence of significant obstruction, i.e., when the orifice area is reduced to To asscess the severity of obstruction hemodynamically, both the transvalvular pressure gradient and the flow rate must be measured. The latter depends not only on the CO but also on the heart rate. Increase in heart rate causes shortening of diastole proportionately more than systole and diminishes the time available for flow across the mitral valve. Therefore, at any given level of CO, tachycardia, including that associated with rapid AF, augments the transvalvular pressure gradient and elevates further the LA pressure. The LV diastolic pressure and ejection fraction (EF) are normal in isolated MS. In MS and sinus rhythm, the elevated LA and PA wedge pressures exhibit a prominent atrial contraction pattern (a wave) and a gradual pressure decline after the v wave and mitral valve opening (y descent). In severe MS and whenever pulmonary vascular resistance is significantly increased, the pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) is elevated at rest and rises further during exercise, often causing secondary elevations of right ventricular (RV) end-diastolic pressure and volume. In temperate climates, the latent period between the initial attack of rheumatic carditis and the development of symptoms due to MS is generally about two decades; most patients begin to experience disability in the fourth decade of life. Studies carried out before the development of mitral valvotomy revealed that once a patient with MS became seriously symptomatic, the disease progressed continuously to death within 2-5 years. In patients whose mitral orifices are large enough to accommodate a normal blood flow with only mild elevations of LA pressure, marked elevations of this pressure leading to dyspnea and cough may be precipitated by sudden changes in the heart rate, volume status, or CO, as, for example, with excitement, severe exertion, fever, severe anemia, paroxysmal AF and other tachycardias, sexual intercourse, pregnancy, and thyrotoxicosis. As MS progresses, lesser degrees of stress precipitate dyspnea, the patient becomes limited in daily activities, and orthopnea and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea develop. The development of permanent AF often marks a turning point in the patients course and is generally associated with acceleration of the rate at which symptoms progress. Hemoptysis results from rupture of pulmonary-bronchial venous connections secondary to pulmonary venous hypertension. It occurs most frequently in patients who have elevated LA pressures without markedly elevated pulmonary vascular resistances and is rarely fatal. Recurrent pulmonary emboli, sometimes with infarction, are an important cause of morbidity and mortality rates late in the course of MS. Pulmonary infections, i.e., bronchitis, bronchopneumonia, and lobar pneumonia, commonly complicate untreated MS, especially during the winter months[3]. Mitral valve assessment with echocardiography should include the pattern of valve involvement and calcification, severity of stenosis, associated mitral regurgitation and other co-existent valve lesions and atrial chamber dilatation and function. Mitral stenosis can be assessed in parasternal, apical or subcostal views. As with any stenotic valve the main diagnostic feature in the parasternal long axis view. As in rheumatic MS, the anterior mitral leaflet (AMVL) shows diastolic doming or hockey-stick shape and the posterior mitral leaflet (PMVL) has restricted motion or is totally immobile. This doming is due to the reduced mobility of the valve tips compared to the base of the leaflets. Echocardiography can also adequately assess the Subvalvular apparatus changes such as thickening, shortening, fusion of chordal calcification. Color Doppler in this view with diastolic turbulence across the mitral valve confirms the diagnosis. On the other hand, Parasternal short axis view of the mit ral valve is used for assessing the leaflets thickening, fusion and calcification of commissures. The parasternal short axis view is also used to assess the mitral valve orifice area by planimetry of the mitral leaflets at the level of tips. The Following are different means of measurements by echocardiography to ascess the severity of MS. Planimetry of mitral valve at the level of the leaflets tips is done in parasternal short axis view. This method is a very familiar technique by 2D echocardiography but the same method can also be used in 3D echocardiography en-face view of mitral valve. However, newly developed QLAB software in 3D echo is now available for calculation of mitral valve orifice area which requires further validation. Calculation of mitral valve area (MVA) by pressure half-time (P1/2t) should be done in an apical four chamber view using continuous wave. Doppler Pressure half-time method is not valid immediately after percutaneous balloon mitral the Doppler curve. The gradient can be measured by tracing the dense outline of mitral diastolic inflow and the mean pressure gradient is automatically calculated. The severity can be assessed as mild (10) [4]. Both qualitative and quantitative evaluation of valvular heart disease can be improved by 3D echocardiography. Anyplane and paraplane analysis of a stenotic valve allows an accurate planimetry of the smallest orifice area. Zamorano et al demonstrated that 3DTTE is a feasible, accurate and highly reproducible technique for assessing the mitral valve area in patients with rheumatic MV stenosis. In a consecutive series of 80 patients, MV area was assessed by conventional echo Doppler methods and by 3DTTE, and results were compared with those obtained invasively.Compared with all other echo-Doppler methods, 3DTTE had the best agreement with the invasively determined MV area, and intra- and inter-observer variability of the method was very good. Zamorano et al also studied 29 patients undergoing percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty. 3DTTE had the best agreement with the invasively determined MV area, particularly in the immediate post procedural period; therefore, the method could be proposed as an ideal one throughout this procedure and could make invasive evaluation unnecessary in this setting. As part of these very important quantitative data, 3DTTE can be integrated with 2D evaluation in the qualitative morphology assessment of the MV. Commissures, leaflets, annulus calcifications and subvalvular structures can be visualized from different and unique planes facilitating the understanding of this complex apparatus. Vegetations, commissural diseases, subvalvular pathologies (tip of the leaflets/chordae/papillary muscles), clefts can be accurately diagnosed. So assessment of the severity of mitral valve stenosis requires accurate measurements of the Mitral valve orifice area (MVA). Direct measurement of the MVA can be performed by planimetry using two-dimensional echocardiography (2-D echo). Mitral valve area determined by planimetry reflects the anatomic orifice area and is largely independent of hemodynamic variables, left ventricular compliance and concomitant valvular disease. However, planimetry by 2-D echo requires significant experience and operator skill to define the correct image plane that displays the true mitral valve orifice. In addition, planimetry requires a parasternal short axis view of the mitral valve and is therefore limited to patients with favorable image quality from a parasternal window. To bypass the difficulty of a parasternal short axis view, Doppler traces of the diastolic transmitral flow is obtained from a four-chamber apical view and the mitral valve area is estimated using the pressure half-time (PHT). Ho wever PHT is influenced by hemodynamic variables, left ventricular compliance and concomitant valvular disease. Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (3-D echo) is a novel imaging technique that is expected to enhance the ability to perform planimetry of the mitral valve. 3D echo utilizes a matrix array echo probe to scan a pyramidal volume in real time. A precise cross-section of mitral valve orifice at the tips of the leaflets with correct plane orientation may provide more accurate assessment of MS severity than two-dimensional echocardiography. Thus it can eliminate one of the principle limitations of 2DE in determining MVA by planimetry. There is less inter- and intra-observer variation also during MVA calculation. Therefore, real-time 3D echo can be used as a practical and accurate method for planimetry of mitral valve areas. This study will be performed to evaluate the feasibility, reproducibility and accuracy of 3-D echo for the assessment of MVA over conventional 2D planimetry Doppler PHT methods.